Abstract #
This paper examines the stability problems associated with abandoned clay pits in Budapest, Hungary, focusing on a former brick-yard now being considered for urban development. The study area, located in the Buda Mountains, has experienced multiple landslides, exacerbated by historical mining activities and improper drainage. The research uses a computer slope stability model to assess the suitability of the site for housing. The analysis compares the results from two geotechnical software programs, Plaxis (using finite element methods) and GEO4 (using conventional methods with circular and polygonal slip surfaces), to evaluate the factor of safety and identify potential failure surfaces.
Technical Relevance #
This document is essential for geotechnical engineers, urban planners, and professionals involved in site development, particularly in areas with a history of mining and landslides. The study provides critical insights into the challenges of stabilizing abandoned clay pits and the importance of thorough geotechnical analysis before initiating construction activities in such areas.
Target Audience #
The document is intended for geotechnical engineers, civil engineers, urban planners, and researchers involved in slope stability analysis and land development. It is particularly relevant for those working in regions with complex geological histories, such as areas with abandoned mines or pits that are being repurposed for urban use.
Software and Methodology #
The stability analysis was conducted using two different software programs: Plaxis, which employs finite element methods, and GEO4, which uses conventional methods to calculate slip surfaces. The methodology involved drilling boreholes, conducting geophysical tests, and performing laboratory tests to obtain the necessary geotechnical parameters. The study modeled the slope stability under various conditions, including the effects of rainfall infiltration and the presence of springs, to assess the factor of safety and the potential for future landslides.
Process Description #
The paper begins with an overview of the study area, a former brick-yard with a history of landslides due to clay mining activities. The process description includes the collection of field data through boreholes and geophysical surveys, followed by the modeling of slope stability using Plaxis and GEO4 software. The study focuses on identifying the most critical slip surfaces and evaluating the effects of additional loads, such as future construction, on the stability of the slopes.
Main Findings #
The study finds that the primary cause of landslides in the area is related to the infiltration of rainwater into the upper debris layer, which decreases the friction along the boundary between the yellow weathered clay and the underlying grey clay. The analysis using Plaxis and GEO4 produced similar results, with factors of safety ranging from 1.6 to 2.0. The research highlights the need for careful consideration of drainage and soil stabilization measures before any construction activities are undertaken in the area.
Practical Applications #
The findings from this study are directly applicable to the planning and development of sites with a history of mining or other activities that have altered the natural landscape. Engineers and urban planners can use the insights gained to ensure that such sites are adequately stabilized before development, reducing the risk of landslides and ensuring the safety of future structures.
Limitations and Considerations #
The document acknowledges that the accuracy of the slope stability analysis depends on the quality of the input data, particularly the geotechnical parameters obtained from field surveys and laboratory tests. Engineers should conduct thorough site investigations and consider local geological conditions when applying these findings to their projects. The study also emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring during site development to validate the model’s predictions and adjust the design as necessary.
Conclusions #
The paper concludes that while the abandoned clay pits in Budapest present significant stability challenges, careful planning and the application of advanced geotechnical analysis tools can mitigate these risks. The study suggests that urban development in these areas should proceed with caution, with a focus on improving drainage and implementing soil stabilization measures to prevent future landslides. The results demonstrate the value of using both finite element methods and conventional methods in slope stability analysis.
Related Resources #
Further reading includes studies on the stability of abandoned mines and pits, research on the application of finite element methods in slope stability analysis, and case studies on the redevelopment of former industrial sites. Additional resources on the impact of historical mining activities on slope stability can provide deeper insights into optimizing land development strategies in similar contexts.
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